Živi jezici: Journal for Foreign Languages and Literatures
The journal Živi jezici publishes original scientific research, review articles, reviews, chronicles, reports, and bibliographies in applied linguistics, (foreign) language learning and teaching, linguistics, cultural and literary studies. It is an open access, blind peer-reviewed journal dedicated to promoting scholarly exchange among researchers and teachers of modern languages.
Друштво за стране језике и књижевности, Филолошки факултет Универзитета у Београду
CHALLENGES OF MODERN EDUCATION AND THE ROLE OF TEACHERS
Modern education is more than ever faced with numerous challenges, including decade-long reforms, social upheavals, the development of modern technologies, and more. The role of teachers consists of overcoming all the obstacles they encounter daily. Additionally, teachers must develop critical thinking and creativity in their students, preparing them for the demands of the job market. Teachers are expected to have an innovative approach to work, to be available to their students not only as somebody who teaches them, but also as moral support, and to provide all students with quality education. Teachers, as agents of change, must constantly improve themselves professionally and adapt to meet all the needs of modern society. In this paper, besides the problems teachers face and their role in modern education, the implications of teachers’ work, which are of great importance for successful education, will also be outlined.
Copyright (c) 2025 Милка Митровић https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
ICH HÄTTE GERN EIN EIS, BITTE. LINGUISTIC PATTERNS AT THE INTERSECTION OF LANGUAGE, COMMUNICATION AND CULTUR
The article focuses on the linguistic pattern Ich hätte gern X (I would like X), which established itself around the turn of the millennium as a collectively preferred ordering formula in shopping and restaurant interactions. The omnipresence of this pattern in service encounters, along with the decline of indicative formulations such as Ich bekomme X (I get X), Ich kriege X (I get X) and Ich nehme X (I’ll take X), points to both a shift in linguistic politeness strategies and a broader change in cultural values. This change process motivated the author to analyze and describe the communicative effect and cultural significance of both the traditional and the new linguistic pattern. In order to trace the emergence and consolidation of the pattern Ich hätte gern X, relevant grammatical reference works were examined diachronically, and the Forschungs- und Lehrkorpus Gesprochenes Deutsch (FOLK) was consulted. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative corpus-linguistic methods, the pattern was systematically identified, described, and interpreted. The analysis revealed that Ich hätte gern X began to appear frequently in language use during the first decade of the 21st century and is employed in various types of interaction to realize directive speech acts. The use of this routine formula by speakers who hold the authority to issue binding requests points to a shift in the cultural interpretation pattern “politeness.” This new form of politeness is manifested in the fact that speakers refrain from exercising their authority, interact with their interlocutors on an equal footing, and signal equality without hierarchical distinctions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jasmina Mahmutović https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
LIRE POUR COMPRENDRE LE MONDE : ELSA TRIOLET, UNE CRITIQUE LITTÉRAIRE ENTRE ENGAGEMENT ET ESTHETIQUE
Cet article se propose d’analyser l’activité critique d’Elsa Triolet à travers un corpus de ses textes publiés dans la presse française entre 1938 et 1970. L’objectif principal est de réévaluer la portée intellectuelle et esthétique de cette œuvre critique, trop souvent éclipsée par la renommée de sa production romanesque. Nous cherchons à montrer que Triolet développe une pensée dialectique originale, articulant étroitement engagement politique et exigence esthétique. La méthodologie adoptée s’appuie sur une approche sociocritique et sur la lecture symptomale inspirée des travaux de Louis Althusser et Pierre Macherey. Ce cadre théorique permet de saisir les tensions entre forme et idéologie, ainsi que les « non-dits » idéologiques révélateurs des limites de la conscience politique d’une époque. L’analyse croisée des textes critiques publiés dans Ce Soir, Europe et Les Lettres françaises met en évidence la cohérence d’un regard marxiste sur la littérature : la critique y apparaît comme un instrument de dévoilement du réel et de transformation symbolique du monde. Les résultats de cette recherche soulignent l’originalité de la posture critique de Triolet, fondée sur une lecture dialectique des œuvres de ses contemporains (Bory, Butor, Camus, Colette). Sa démarche combine rigueur analytique, sensibilité esthétique et engagement moral, redéfinissant la critique comme acte de pensée et de résistance. L’étude conclut que l’activité critique d’Elsa Triolet constitue un laboratoire intellectuel majeur du XXᵉ siècle, où se conjuguent théorie marxiste, lucidité historique et foi dans la puissance transformatrice de la littérature.
Copyright (c) 2025 VELIMIR MLADENOVIĆ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
AFFECTIVE ASPECTS IN MOTIVATION FOR LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Starting from the idea that affective motivation is one of the most important factors in foreign language learning, this paper presents its influence on the context of teaching practice. Based on a consideration of the theoretical literature related to practical examples that affect motivation, a common framework for successful foreign language teaching is proposed. Given that motivation implies a bidirectional role, it is important to include skills and emotions in the teaching context. Contextual factors in the development of motivation and the creation of a language environment that stimulates motivation involve both internal and external factors. The examination of individual factors—the nature of emotions, the potential of imagination, linguistic identity, communication, group dynamics, multilingual and monolingual contexts, the impact of sociocultural competence on motivation, and continuous teacher development—aims to reassess the quality of personal and general methodological choices in foreign language teaching. The inclusion of each of these segments in instruction invites exchange between learners and teachers and represents a unified framework for successful foreign language teaching.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ivana Djordjevic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
PARENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS LEARNING GERMAN AS A SECOND FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Parental attitudes play a crucial role in children's success, particularly in learning foreign languages. Understanding these attitudes helps clarify how parents influence their children’s motivation and interest in language learning, which directly impacts academic achievement. Additionally, parental views can of globalization, this research explores the type of motivation parents most commonly foster in their children—integrative (desire for cultural integration) or instrumental (pragmatic reasons, such as career prospects). Using interviews with six students and their parents, the study reveals that parents primarily encourage instrumental motivation, seeing German as a key asset for future career opportunities. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how parental attitudes affect language acquisition.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aleksandra Jaksic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THEMATIC PROGRESSION IN THE FRENCH LITERARY TEXT
This paper examines the study of thematic progression in French text linguistics, with a particular focus on research based on Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP) and carried out on a literary text. The theoretical framework of the Prague School is taken as the starting point, since its principles strongly influenced French linguists who, from the 1970s onwards, developed their own analyses of theme–rheme organization in texts. Special attention is devoted to the contribution of Bernard Combettes, who adopted Daneš’s typology of thematic progression (1974) and adapted it to the French linguistic context and thereby playing a decisive role in the further development of text linguistics in France. The paper first outlines the main features of FSP, then presents a review of French studies from the 1970s to the 1990s, and finally discusses more recent contributions. The conclusion highlights the major achievements of French researchers while pointing to open issues and directions for further research. The findings confirm that French text linguistics owes much to the Prague School tradition but has also developed its own methodological approaches and interpretative models.
Copyright (c) 2025 Александра Недељковић https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE IN (APPLIED) LINGUISTICS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
This paper provides an overview of scholarly and popular-scientific bibliographic entries in the field of linguistics whose primary focus is the Portuguese language, as well as those that, in certain aspects, address Portuguese, published in the Republic of Serbia. The scope of linguistics is considered in a broader sense, so in addition to bibliographic entries categorized as monographs, chapters in monographs or edited volumes, and journal articles, the analysis also takes into account works in applied linguistics, including normative, lexicographic, reference, and textbook literature. Since foreign language teaching is one of the key domains of applied linguistics, the paper also offers a special consideration of Portuguese language teaching in Serbia. The primary aim of the study is to identify which areas of national linguistic scholarship have dealt with Portuguese, to what extent, and in which aspects, thereby outlining the current state of the linguistic branch of Lusitanian studies in the Republic of Serbia. Although such studies are not formally institutionalized at the academic level, i.e., through degree programs at Serbian universities, the findings presented in this paper demonstrate that Serbian scholarly and popular-scientific production in linguistics comprises a body of works devoted to Portuguese, and that for several decades the Serbian public has had the opportunity to study this language as a foreign language at relevant educational institutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mladen Ćirić https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
REVIEW OF THE TEXTBOOK "ENGLISH FOR APPLIED ART’S SAKE" BY ASSOC. PROF. DR ALEKSANDAR VULETIĆ
Copyright (c) 2025 Tamara Aralica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
LES DÉNOMINATIONS D’ÉTABLISSEMENTS D’HÔTELLERIE-RESTAURATION EN FRANÇAIS ET EN ESPAGNOL : ÉTUDE TERMINOLOGIQUE COMPARATIVE
La communication se propose d’aborder dans une perspective comparative les termes nommant les établissements d’hébergement touristique et de restauration en français et en espagnol contemporains (restaurant – restaurante, bistro(t) – bistró, auberge – albergue, chalet – chalet/chalé, taverne – taberna, bodéga – bodega, cantine – cantina, crêperie – crepería, fast-food) afin de dégager des observations sur leur équivalence et de constater des rapprochements et des dissonances apparaissant dans leurs étymologies, profils morphosémantiques et fonctionnements discursifs. Des considérations d’ordre sociolinguistique et culturel nourrissent également la réflexion dans le cadre de cette recherche, ancrée dans le contexte professionnel du tourisme, qui s’intéresse aux problématiques des emprunts et des realia dans ce vocabulaire spécialisé. Les analyses proposées sont sous-tendues par un corpus de termes d’hôtellerie-restauration établi à partir de documents et listes publiés en ligne, dictionnaires et glossaires, ainsi que de fragments de discours authentiques illustrant les usages contemporains. L’approche contrastive permet de formuler des conclusions sur les tendances générales en matière de dénomination dans le lexique spécialisé de l’hôtellerie-restauration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aksiniya Obreshkova, Anna Markova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
TEXTBOOK SET SPECIAL OPERATIONS LANGUAGE TRAINING: SERBIAN IN THE TEACHING OF SERBIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
The subject of this paper is an analysis of the textbook set (accessible online) titled Special Operations Language Training: Serbian. The aim is to provide a clearer understanding of the components of the set used in teaching Serbian as a foreign language. The research employed the method of theoretical analysis and the technique of content analysis. The findings indicate that this is one of the most comprehensive textbook sets for learning Serbian as a foreign language. It alternates between general topics (such as introductions, family, environment, personal characteristics, calendar, biography, time, units of measurement, hobbies, and occupations) and specialized subjects (including the armed forces, banking, missions, equipment, geographical characteristics, medicine, culture, media, tradition, religion, and education). The textbook set is utilized during the training of members of military, political, and diplomatic missions from foreign governments, enabling smooth integration into Serbian society and the effective handling of daily activities and specialized operations. It is likely that the set was created by a foreign institute specializing in Serbian as a foreign language, though research suggests it was not developed by the Center for Foreign Languages at the American Institute of Languages, as claimed by certain online sources. Furthermore, educators are advised to review, analyze, and critically evaluate the textbook set before incorporating it into their teaching practice, ensuring alignment with the high ethical standards and objectives of teaching Serbian as a foreign language.
foreign governments military language schools
Copyright (c) 2025 Aleksandar Novaković https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
ITALIAN AND SERBIAN SOMATIC EXPRESSIONS CONTRASTED
This paper deals with a contrastive analysis of Italian and Serbian phraseologisms that contain two somatisms (i.e. names of body parts). Although Italian and Serbian are not typologically similar languages, our initial hypothesis is that that we will identify in the corpus a significant number of absolute and/or partial equivalents, because somatic phraseology, due to the universality of bodily experience, reveals correspondences even among unrelated languages. With the aim to verify whether and to what extent the Italian somatic phraseologisms have an equivalent in Serbian and taking Italian as the source language and Serbian as the target language, we have extrapolated a corpus of more than 250 somatic phraseologisms from the general and phraseological dictionaries of two languages. Using the contrastive analysis method, we established the type of interlinguistic equivalence between 55 Italian phraseologisms containing in their lexical structure two somatisms and their Serbian equivalents. The results show that two analyzed languages, although not related, reveal more universal than idiosyncratic dimension. Since phraseologisms also carry cultural information, their interlinguistic comparison can shed light on the way of life and customs of one ethnic group and help us understand how members of two linguistic communities conceptualize reality and the phenomena.
Copyright (c) 2025 Марија Вујовић https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
ASPECT IN GERMAN AND SERBIAN LANGUAGE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS
The aim of this paper is to analyse the category of aspect by using the findings and conclusions made by cognitive linguistics, and primarily construction grammar as defined by Goldberg. Dynamic constructions grammar proposes that a construction plays the key role in language, being a stored pairing of form and function. This allowed a deviation from the usual perception of the category of aspect, or from the long-established analysis of verbs exclusively. This allowed the category of aspect to be examined in a different way. In this paper we managed to study all the elements of language that can be the carriers of aspectual meaning, in both German and Serbian laguage, which include verbs a prototypical element, but also verb phrases and multiple nominal or adverbial lexemes and the context.
aspect, construction, cognitive linguistics, specific verbal aspect of Serbian language “glagolski vid”, contrastive linguistics
Copyright (c) 2024 Katarina Stančić https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THE SPEECH ACT OF SUGGESTION IN ONLINE RECIPES IN SERBIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES: A RELEVANCE-THEORETIC APPROACH
The aim of this research was to determine the lexical and grammatical characteristics of the speech acts of suggestion in online recipes in Serbian and American English languages within the framework of relevance theory (Sperber and Wilson 1995). The suggestions were analyzed in terms of the cognitive and communicative principles and possible implicatures. The analysis was based on fifteen examples of suggestions in Serbian and fifteen examples in American English. These examples were further compared to determine whether there were certain differences as regards the speech act of suggestion. The research shows that every suggestion has its own implicatures and communicative effects depending on the form in which the suggestion is given and the succeeding co-text. As for the two languages, in this research, no significant differences arise despite a few peculiarities. There are only three instances (10%) of directly stated suggestions (e.g. my advice is, I highly recommend), one in Serbian and two in English. The other 27 examples (90%) of suggestions from both languages are given indirectly.
Copyright (c) 2024 Gordana Ivković https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
TEACHING CULTURE AND ICC IN ESP IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY – STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE
This paper aims to explore the attitudes of hospitality industry students towards the significance of cultural elements and Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC). It also examines the necessity of incorporating cultural elements into English for Specific Purposes (ESP) curriculum and assesses the intercultural sensitivity of the students of the College of Hotel Management in Belgrade. ICC is crucial for effective business communication in the hospitality sector. Therefore, the research seeks to enhance ESP curriculum by considering students' attitudes and needs related to ICC in a business setting. The survey results indicate that students are interested in integrating cultural elements into ESP course and recognize the importance of intercultural aspects. Additionally, they tend to adopt an ethnorelativistic perspective towards other cultures. Improving the curriculum to emphasize intercultural competence can better prepare students for the challenges they will face in their future careers.
ICC, ESP, hospitality industry, Intercultural Sensitivity
Copyright (c) 2024 Jovana Nikolić https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF NEWSPAPER HEADLINES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE ONLINE EDITIONS OF ITALIAN DAILY NEWSPAPERS
In this paper, using the content analysis method, we examined the linguistic features of headlines about artificial intelligence extracted from the online editions of the most read Italian daily newspapers, Corriere della Sera and La Repubblica, published from January 2020 to September 2023. The research was conducted on a corpus of 864 newspaper headlines, which we analyzed from two perspectives – lexical and syntactic. Our aim was to, by analyzing the lexical composition of the newspaper headlines, present unadapted loanwords, terms, and onyms in our corpus, and to, within the syntactic analysis, explore the syntactic structures of the analyzed newspaper headlines. The research results indicated that in our corpus prevail anglicisms from the field of informatics, that among onyms the most frequent are names of tech companies, robots, chatbots, and virtual assistants, and that the majority of newspaper headlines were in the form of simple sentences.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jelena Puhar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THE PRODUCTION ACCURACY OF ENGLISH INTERDENTAL FRICATIVES IN SERBIAN PRIMARY SCHOOL ESL STUDENTS
The primary aim of our research was to study whether and how the position of the English interdental fricatives [θ] and [ð] in a word (initial, medial or final) affects the accuracy of their pronunciation, both in the individual word and textual context. We also studied which sounds were used as substitutions for [θ] and [ð] in the cases of inaccurate pronunciation. Moreover, we performed a comparative analysis between two age groups of primary school ESL students in order to evaluate a possible impact of training and language exposure on the production of English interdental fricatives. The obtained results show that the participants in our study most accurately pronounce the [θ] and [ð] sounds when they are placed in the final word position, with the voiceless interdental fricative [θ] being pronounced more accurately than its voiced pair [ð]. The [θ] and [ð] sounds were mostly substituted with the Serbian stops [t] and [d] , arguably due to the universal grammar constraints. The 8th graders showed greater accuracy in pronunciation of the [θ] and [ð] sounds in comparison to the 5th graders, which suggests the possibly postitive effect of training and language exposure on the production accuracy of the aforementioned sounds.
ESL, primary school, pronunciation, dental fricatives, interlanguage
Copyright (c) 2024 Sanja Raković https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
SEMANTIC CHANGES IN RUSSIAN ANGLICISMS DURING THE PERIOD OF MILLENNIAL EVENTS IN RUSSIAN SOCIETY
The aim of this study was to explore the nature and directions of current and dynamic semantic processes within the structure of Russian Anglicisms that occurred from the late 1970s until almost the present day, placing these two temporal boundaries in a comparative relationship, which lends the research a comparative-historical dimension. This relatively short period was chosen due to the turbulent and substantial changes that have affected the Russian society. Such socially conditioned changes have proven to be functional external factors in the development of the contemporary Russian language. We selected Anglicisms as an etymologically special lexical layer of contemporary Russian to observe how they behave during a period when the results of all-encompassing activities of a society, composed of speakers for whom English is the native language, experience global expansion and popularity. The research has revealed the presence of most of the semantic processes defined by linguistics for the transition from the 20th to the 21st century, while also isolating some new ones, which represents the greatest contribution of this study. For most of these processes, sociological comments were also provided—specific social phenomena that led to certain changes in the semantic structure of Anglicisms.
changes in Russian society at the turn of the 20th to the 21st century
Copyright (c) 2024 Vasilije Stojiljković, Tatjana Vuletić, Suzana Stojković https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES DICTIONARIES AND GLOSSARIES FOR STUDENTS OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATION
Mastering technical vocabulary is one of the primary goals of teaching a foreign language for specific purposes, making the identification and use of appropriate dictionaries as reference materials invaluable in the teaching and learning process. This paper aims to present existing monolingual and bilingual dictionaries and glossaries in the field of special education and rehabilitation and to highlight their advantages and disadvantages in accordance with the needs of first-year students at the Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade. Additionally, the paper points to the need for the creation of a modern, adequate, and accessible dictionary in this field, which would meet the needs of the target group of students and be used as an additional teaching tool within the English for Specific Purposes university course.
Copyright (c) 2024 Maja Ivančević Otanjac https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
PRE-SERVICE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA: THE OPINIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODOLOGY PROFESSORS
According to the current legal regulations of the Republic of Serbia, teachers employed in primary and secondary schools must obtain a certain level of education (MA degree) that meets predefined requirements (30 credits in psychological, pedagogical and teaching methodological subjects). Therefore, we believe that the opinions of university professors who educate the future teaching staff are of vital importance for the quality of foreign language teaching. The primary goal of this paper is to gain insight into the importance and organization of initial teacher education of foreign language teachers from the perspective of university professors engaged in language teaching courses at universities in the Republic of Serbia. Through an online anonymous questionnaire, we investigate professors' points of view regarding the current trends in the initial education of foreign language teachers and their possibility of acquiring the necessary teaching competencies. The focus of the paper is exclusively on the foreign language teaching methodology courses at universities that educate future foreign language teachers. The foreign languages that are relevant for this research are those taught in primary and secondary schools in the Republic of Serbia, namely English, German, Russian, French, Spanish and Italian. Based on the results of the survey, we analyze the organization of the existing language teaching oriented university courses, as well as the necessity to reconcile them with modern language education policies and planning.
Copyright (c) 2024 Tijana Gaši, Milica Popović https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
MODALITY IN AERONAUTICAL RADIOTELEPHONY COMMUNICATIONS
The language of radiotelephony (RTF) communication between pilots and air traffic controllers is a special variety of the English language, which consists of the prescribed phraseology, as a dominant communicative tool, and plain language. To ensure clear and unambiguous exchange of information, the requirements on the use of this language call for the greatest possible simplification of grammatical structures and lexis. The prescribed phraseology is characterised by markedly limited grammatical structures and vocabulary range and consequently significantly reduced modal component. Modality is more frequently detected in unusual and emergency situations, when the participants have to resort to plain language due to non-existence of adequate phraseology. The dominant modal component in the communication which relies on the prescribed phraseology only is the event modality, whereas in the communication which involves the use of plain language, apart from the deontic and dynamic modality, examples of epistemic modality can be found as well.
modality, radiotelephony (RTF), phraseology, plain language, deontic modality, dynamic modality
Copyright (c) 2024 Maja Jevtović Šulejić https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
DEAF WOMEN REPRESENTATION IN HISTORICAL MONOGRAPHS WRITTEN BY HEARING AUTHORS
This paper investigates the historical representation of Deaf women in both general and specialized historical texts. Despite their significant contributions, Deaf women are often overlooked, leading to a perception of their identities primarily as Deaf individuals rather than as women. This dual marginalization within both the Deaf community and broader society underscores systemic issues in historical scholarship. Major works by authors such as Sachs, Lane, and Baynton, although pivotal in documenting Deaf culture, frequently neglect the unique experiences and achievements of Deaf women. Key milestones, like the election of Gertrude Galloway as the first woman president of the National Association of the Deaf in the US and the founding of Deaf Women United Inc. (DWU), are minimally explored, reflecting broader societal gender biases. This paper highlights the critical need for inclusive historical narratives that fully integrate the experiences of Deaf women. By documenting and acknowledging their unique challenges and contributions, we can foster a more comprehensive and equitable understanding of history, empowering Deaf women by validating their identities and achievements. Keywords: Deaf women, historical representation, marginalization, Deaf studies, gender bias.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ana Jovanović https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THEMATIC AND GAMMATICAL CONTENTS IN TEXTBOOKS FOR THE EIGHTH GRADE FOR THE SUBJECT: GERMAN LANGUAGE AS THE SECOND FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Based on the corpus analysis of the current and most frequently used textbooks in the eighth grade of elementary school for the subject of German as a second foreign language "Wir neu 4", "Magnet neu 4", "Maximal 4", "Deutsch! Das will ich! 8", "Hallo, Freunde! 4", we want to present the grammatical and thematic contents that are most often represented in them and list those that are not present at all or are less present in them and are provided for in the Curriculum. At the beginning, we will present both general and specific subject competence and the importance and role of standards. We also want to present the level of language competence A2 that the student should acquire at the end of the fourth year of learning a second foreign language in the second cycle of primary education.
Common European framework, second foreign language, general subject competence, specific subject competence, grammatical contents, thematic contents, language competence level A2
Copyright (c) 2024 Катарина Цветановић https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THE CONCEPTUAL FIELD OF LOVE IN THE ITALIAN, SPANISH AND SERBIAN LANGUAGE PHRASEOLOGISM THAT CONTAIN A COMPONENT EYE
The paper deals with contrasting idioms with the component eye in Italian, Spanish and Serbian, with the aim of establishing identities, similarities and differences at the interlingual level. Considering the high phraseological potential of the somatic lexeme, the research was limited to only one conceptual field - love. The research is conducted with the aim of determining whether the members of two linguistic and cultural communities that speak typologically similar languages (Italian and Spanish) will conceptualize phenomena in a more similar way than do the members of the Serbian linguistic and cultural community whose language is typologically distant. The initial hypothesis was that genetically closely related languages would share more common phraseological features than genetically unrelated languages. In order to conduct the research, a corpus was excerpted from general and phraseological dictionaries, and then it was subjected to contrastive and conceptual analysis. The results show that members of the Italian and Spanish linguistic and cultural communities conceptualize love in a more similar way in their somatisms, but also that the Serbian phraseological fund contains a significant number of cases of absolute elvivalence, as a result of the common European origin of idioms, calquing or polygenesis.
contrastive phraseology, equivalence, love, eye, Italian, Spanish, Serbian
Copyright (c) 2023 Marija Vujović https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
PROSODIC PROPERTIES OF CLAUSAL PARENTHETICALS IN SERBIAN
The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of the prosodic properties of clausal parentheticals in Serbian in terms of their pitch, intensity, articulation rate and prosodic domain in relation the surrounding anchor clauses. Regarding the pitch and intensity, the results indicate that the utterance seems to follow a downward trend regardless of the parenthetical interpolation. Considering the rate of articulation, no pattern can be established in the behavior of clausal parentheticals in relation to their anchor clauses. When it comes to the intonational domain, the clausal parentheticals in Serbian tend to form separate intonational phrases, thus belonging to the group of ‘prototypical parenthesis’, in Dehé’s (2014) terms.
Copyright (c) 2024 Gordana Ćirić Ognjenović https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THE ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF IDIOMS BY THE GOOGLE TRANSLATE MACHINE TRANSLATION PROGRAM IN THE CASE OF THE NOVELS ENTITLED "A WHOLE LIFE" AND "DER TRAFIKANT" FOR THE GERMAN-SERBIAN LANGUAGE PAIR
This paper deals with the analysis of the translation of idioms from German to Serbian by the Google Translate machine translation program. The corpus consists of Robert Zettler's novels "A Whole Life" and "Der Trafikant". The objectives of the research were (1) to examine the degree of recognition of idioms depending on their type and (2) to examine the difficulties that lead to errors in the translation of idioms by this program. Through the quantitative and qualitative analysis, it was determined that the degree of recognition of semi-transparent idioms is the lowest and that these idioms are mostly translated literally. The degree of recognition of semi-transparent idioms ranks second, while full idioms are best recognized by this program. The error analysis showed that the corpus contained errors of literal translation, wrong choice, wrong meaning, and translation from English. As it turns out, various difficulties can lead to these errors, such as not recognizing idioms in the text, the lexical and structural non-correspondence, the difficulty to choose the right sememe as well as the indirect translation from English. The additional analysis of accurate translations showed that Google Translate uses idiom translation of a similar meaning and similar or different form as well as paraphrases in idiom translation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ljiljana Tasić https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
FÖRDERUNG DER INTERKULTURELLEN KOMPETENZ MIT ZEITUNGEN UND ZEITSCHRIFTEN IM DAF-UNTERRICHT: BOSNISCH, SERBISCH, DEUTSCH. METODISCH-DIDAKTISCHE ÜBERLEGUNGEN AM BEISPIEL DES PROJEKTS „SPRACHLOS?”
Die interkulturelle kommunikative Kompetenz ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten in vielen Bereichen zu einer Schlüsselkompetenz geworden. Sie wird als das Vermögen definiert, „mit fremden Kulturen und ihren Angehörigen in adäquater [...] Weise zu handeln, mit ihnen zu kommunizieren und sie zu verstehen“ (Lüsebrink 2016: 8). Da Sprache und Kultur eng miteinander in Verbindung stehen, wird der moderne Fremdsprachenunterricht als der Ort für die Auseinandersetzung der Lernenden mit kulturbezogenen Inhalten gesehen. Als Repräsentanten gesellschaftlicher Diskurse eignen sich Printmedien für diesen Zweck besonders gut. Der Beitrag hat zum Ziel, am praktischen Beispiel zu zeigen, wie die interkulturelle kommunikative Kompetenz im Fremdsprachenunterricht mithilfe von Zeitungen und Zeitschriften aus unterschiedlichen Ländern gefördert werden kann. Im Rahmen des Projekts „Sprachlos“, das sich an angehende DaF-Lehrkräfte aus Bosnien und Herzegowina, Serbien und Deutschland richtet, wird eine Unterrichtseinheit entworfen und durchgeführt, in der in gemischten Studierendengruppen Zeitungen und Zeitschriften anhand einer Kriterienliste verglichen und analysiert werden. Den Korpus bilden bosnisch-herzegowinische, serbische und deutsche Zeitungen und Zeitschriften aus unterschiedlichen Gattungen. Als Ergebnis der Gruppenarbeiten werden sowohl Gemeinsamkeiten in Bezug auf Form, Inhalt, optische Gestaltung und Zielpublikum als auch deutliche Unterschiede bezüglich Geburts- oder Todesanzeigen u.a. festgestellt. Es folgt eine gemeinsame Reflexion über die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse.
Copyright (c) 2023 Danijela Vranješ, Lara Hedžić https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
SERBIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THEORY AND PRACTICE V
Copyright (c) 2024 Stefan Milošević https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A PROJECT-BASED APPROACH IN TEACHING THE FRENCH LANGUAGE FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES
The project-based approach to learning foreign languages, and especially the languages for specific purposes, is particularly suitable for developing cognitive abilities because it combines physical, mental, and linguistic activities. The advantage of learning based on project tasks lies precisely in the meaningfulness of these tasks in an authentic language communication. In teaching and learning foreign languages for specific purposes tasks include not only linguistic component, but also professional, sociolinguistic, sociocultural, and intercultural components and contribute to the professional training of students. The paper analyzes first the possibilities and advantages of the project-based approach in teaching foreign languages for specific purposes, and then the role of teachers of foreign languages for specific purposes, the necessity of serious preparation for this type of lessons, their great professional competence, imagination and patience. Using both descriptive and analytical methods, we propose a project-based model in the French language instruction for pre-service preschool and primary school teachers that would respond to the specific needs of their future professional engagement and would therefore positively influence their motivation and also lead to their better achievement. We conclude that examples of project-based assignments should be included in all textbooks of foreign languages for specific purposes because this is the best way to make the learning of this subject matter meaningful and to develop students' awareness of its importance, while the knowledge they acquire becomes more permanent as students learn through experience.
French language for specific purposes, teaching profession, project- based approach, assignment, textbook
Copyright (c) 2023 Ana Vujovic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THE PLACE OF THE ARABIC LANGUAGE IN COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF SEMITIC LANGUAGES
Semitic languages date back to ancient times, and the area where they were spoken did not change much for about three millennia (except Ethiopia) until the spread of Islam in the 7th century. The name Semitic comes from the Old Testament from the legendary Shem, the son of Noah, because the peoples and tribes of the Arabian Peninsula who spoke and still speak numerous languages were considered his descendants. Numerous written monuments originating from the 3rd millennium BC. e. speak of the territorial distribution of Semitic languages from the Middle East to the Iranian Plateau. Later, the Semitic languages spread to the region of North Africa. There is ample evidence of the presence of Arabs in the ancient Middle East, in the lands of the Fertile Crescent and neighboring regions, but Arabic became the dominant Semitic language with the rise and expansion of Islam in the 7th century AD. e. The Arabic language had enormous importance in the Middle Ages, and it was also one of the most important languages of human civilization. In this paper, I will deal with the position of the Arabic language in a comparative study with its related Semitic languages.
Copyright (c) 2023 Stefan Jovicic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS IN THE FIELD OF TEACHING METHODOLOGY OF SERBIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (2018–2022)
Taking into account the obvious increase in interest in the methodology of teaching Serbian as a foreign language, our goal is to present with this bibliography published scientific results in the period from the middle of 2018 to the end of 2022, as well as to make data on published monographs and scientific articles as accessible as possible to interested professional public.
methodology of teaching Serbian as a foreign language
Copyright (c) 2024 Aleksandar Novaković https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0